Table of Origins of K’an Hua Ts’an Ch’an

看話參禪溯源表

Table of Origins of K’an Hua Ts’an Ch’an

2011/04/29 製表 百丈山 慧門禪師編製

By Master Huimen, Bai-Zhang Shan Monastery, 04/09/2011

悉達多 Siddhartha Gautama 623 – 543 B.C.   疑著疑著怖苦發心 [Siddhartha constantly] had a doubt in his mind. [He was] terrified of the mundane suffering and aspired [to the attainment of ultimate enlightenment].   「人生為什麼有苦?苦的根源是什麼?如何才能解脫這些苦?」太子在心裏苦苦反覆自問,卻找不著答案。經過深沉的思索後,太子意識到,「知識」和「王位」無法真正解決人生的生、老、病、死諸苦,這使他陷入一團疑情中,於是下定決心出家,以求解答。  “Why is there suffering in life? What is the origin of suffering? How can [living beings] be liberated from suffering?” Thus the Prince (Siddhartha) repeatedly asked himself without finding an answer. After long and deep deliberation, he realized that neither “[worldly] knowledge” nor “the kingship” could resolve suffering such as birth, aging, illness, and death. Caught in a cluster of doubt, he decided to leave the palace and become a Buddhist monk to find the answer.
佛陀 Buddha 588 B.C. 夜睹明星疑團爆破證入本覺頓悟成佛 [One night, Siddhartha] saw a bright comet [fly across the sky], and suddenly his cluster of doubt was burst. [At that moment] he attained the ultimate enlightenment and became Buddha.   嘆曰,「奇哉!奇哉!一切眾生皆有如來智慧德相,只因妄想執著,不能證得。」1 [Siddhartha] exclaimed, “How wonderful! All living beings possess Buddha’s wisdom and merits. However, they cannot recognize [the Buddha nature in themselves] or attain enlightenment because of their random/foolish thoughts and attachment [to worldly things].”
摩訶迦葉 Mahakasyapa (爾時) (dates unknown)  空空相映拈花微笑眉毛廝結以心印心 The emptiness [that Mahakasyapa was experiencing] corresponded to the emptiness [that Sakyamuni was teaching]. [Sakyamuni] twisted the stem of a flower between his fingers, and [Mahakasyapa] smiled. [Thus the two of them] were connected and their awareness [of emptiness] merged.   ﹝世尊﹞在靈山會上。拈花示眾。眾皆默然。唯﹝迦葉﹞破顏微笑。﹝世尊﹞云。吾有正法眼藏。涅槃妙心。實相無相。微妙法門。不立文字。教外別傳。付囑﹝摩訶迦葉﹞。…乃告云。吾有正法眼藏。密付於汝。汝當護持。傳付將來。無令斷絕。 (聯燈會要.1,X79,頁0014a) [Once, when preaching] at the Mount of the Holy Vulture, [Sakyamuni taught by] picking a flower [from a bouquet] and twisting its stem between his fingers. The whole congregation was solemn and silent except [Mahakasyapa], who broke into a smile. [Sakyamuni] said to the assemblage, “I have the dharma, which is the most precious treasure. It is spiritual and transcendental. My teaching is not recorded in writing, and it is beyond the standard [Buddhist] doctrine. . . .” [Sakyamuni] then told [Mahakasyapa], “I have the dharma, the most precious treasure, which I now pass on to you in private. You must protect it, maintain it, and make sure to pass it on to future generations without disruption.”
周利槃陀 Sudrapanthaka (爾時) (dates unknown)  塵掃俱泯智慧除結2 [Sudrapanthaka, instructed by Sakyamuni to recite and deliberate on the two characters], “dust” and “sweep,” [was eventually able to understand the metaphor] for emptiness [and realize that Buddhist] wisdom could disentangle a cluttered mind.   今誦此已足,如尊之所說;智慧能除結,不由其餘行。 [Sudrapanthaka said to Sakyamuni,] “I have recited the two characters long enough [to understand the meaning behind them]. As you said, Sakyamuni, wisdom is the only tool to disentangle a cluttered mind. Nothing else would do.”
南北朝.二祖慧可 The Second Patriarch   Hui-ke, (previously Shen-kuang) 487 – 593 A.D. 覓心不得 [Shenkuang (Hui-ke) told Bodhidharma,] “I could not find my mind.”   ﹝[神]光﹞[參承﹝達摩﹞]曰:「我心未寧,乞師與安。」師[﹝達摩﹞]曰:「將心來與汝安。」曰:「覓心了不可得。」師曰:「我與汝安心竟。」 (景德傳燈錄‧3,大51,頁219b) Shen-kuang asked Bodhidharma, “My mind is not pacified. Master, please pacify it for me.” The Master said, “Bring me your mind, and I will pacify it for you.” [Shen-kuang] replied, “I have searched but could not find my mind anywhere.” “There! I have pacified your mind for you,” replied the Master.
北齊 – 隋. 三祖僧璨 The Third Patriarch Seng-tsan ? – 606 A.D. 應機施教 [Hui-ke] taught at the opportune moment.   有一居士年踰四十,不言名氏,聿來設禮而問師[﹝慧可﹞]曰:「弟子身纏風恙,請和尚懺罪。」師曰:「將罪來與汝懺。」居士良久云:「覓罪不可得。」師曰:「我與汝懺罪竟,宜依佛法僧住。」曰:「今見和尚已知是僧,未審何名佛法。」師曰:「是心是佛,是心是法,法佛無二,僧寶亦然。」曰:「今日始知,罪性不在內不在外不在中間,如其心然,佛法無二也。」師深器之,即為剃髮云:「是吾寶也,宜名﹝僧璨﹞。」 (景德傳燈錄‧3,大51,頁220c) A lay disciple in his forties, whose name was unknown, brought a gift to the Master (Hui-ke) and asked, “I have been ill, Master. Please cleanse me of my sins.” The Master replied, “Bring me your sins, and I will cleanse you of them.” Silent for a while, the disciple said, “I have searched but could not find my sins anywhere.” The Master said, “There! I have cleansed you. From now on, you should follow and abide in the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha.” “Oh Master, seeing you today, I know that you belong to the Sengha. Please teach me about the Buddha and the Dharma.” The Master replied, “Mind is the Buddha. Mind is the Dharma. There is no difference between the Buddha and the Dharma. The same can be said of the Sangha.” “I did not know until today that just like the mind, sins are not within, without, or in the middle. The Buddha and the Dharma are one and the same.” Thinking very highly of the lay disciple, the Master shaved his head [and ordained him as a Buddhist monk]. “You are my treasure and should hereafter be named Seng-tsan,”

[said the Master]

.

南朝陳 – 唐.

四祖道信

The Fourth Patriarch   Tao-hsin

580 – 651 A.D.

言下大悟

[Tao-hsin] attained enlightenment at [Seng-tsan’s] words.

有沙彌﹝道信﹞,年始十四,來禮師[﹝僧璨﹞]。曰:「願和尚慈悲,乞與解脫法門。」師曰:「誰縛汝?」曰:「無人縛。」師曰:「何更求解脫乎?」信於言下大悟,服勞九載。(景德傳燈錄‧3,大51,頁221c)

A fourteen-year-old junior monk named Tao-hsin came to worship Master [Seng-tsan] and said, “Please be merciful, Master, and show me the way to liberation.”

The Master asked, “Who bound you?”

“Nobody.”

The Master said, “Then why do you seek liberation?”

At the Master’s words, Tao-hsin became enlightened. He served the Master for nine years.

隋 – 唐.五祖
弘忍

The Fifth Patriarch Hung-jen

601 – 674 A.D.

箭鋒相拄

[Tao-hsin and Hung-jen] exchanged sharp words.

師[﹝道信﹞]問曰:「子何姓?」[﹝弘忍﹞]答曰:「姓即有,不是常姓。」師曰:「是何姓?」答曰:「是佛性」師曰:「汝無性耶?」答曰:「性空故。」3

(景德傳燈錄‧3,大51,頁222b)

The Master (Tao-hsin) asked the boy, “What is your family name?”

[Hung-jen] replied, “I have a family name, but it is quite unusual.”

“What is it?” asked the Master.

“It is the Buddha nature.” *In Chinese, the characters for “family name” and “nature” are homonyms.

“Have you no nature then?” asked the Master.

Hung-jen replied, “No. Nature is empty in its essence.”

唐.六祖
惠能

The Sixth Patriarch   Hui-neng

638 – 713 A.D.

當機悟本

[Hui-ming was able to] recognize his true nature when he had the opportunity [to have a dialogue with Hui-neng].

「﹝惠能﹞云,不思善、不思惡,正與麼時,那個是﹝明上座﹞本來面目?﹝惠明﹞言下大悟。」這上面有段前奏,「﹝惠能﹞云,汝可屏息諸緣,勿生一念;吾為汝說,﹝明﹞良久。」(六祖大師法寶壇經,行由第一,大48,頁349b)

Hui-neng said, “If you can stop all hankerings and do not let even one thought arise, I will tell you [about the Dharma].”

It took Hui-ming a long while [to reach the state of no desires or thoughts]. Hui-neng then said, “Do not think of good. Do not think of evil. At this moment, what is your true nature?”

At these words, Hui-ming attained enlightenment.

唐.

趙州從諗

Chao-chou Tsung-shen

778 – 897 A.D.

…究理坐看4

To search, to reason, to sit [in meditatation], and to [mindfully] watch [the mind]

僧問﹝趙州﹞「狗子還有佛性也無?」﹝州﹞云「無。」5 A monk asked Chao-chou, “Does a dog possess the Buddha nature?” “Wu,” said Chao-chou.*In Chinese, “wu” meants no or emptiness. By saying “Wu,” Chaochou, instead of answering negatively to the question, meant to teach th monk to break away from habitual thinking. 僧問﹝趙州﹞「萬法歸一,一歸何處?」﹝州﹞云「我在青州做領布衫重七斤。6,7 A monk asked Chao-chou, “All things return to One [Buddhist teaching]. Where does [this] One return to?” Chao-chou said, “I had a robe made in Ching-chou. It weighed seven catties.” *One catty equals 0.5 kilogram.

唐.

黃蘗希運

Huang-po Hsi-yun

? – 850 A.D.

看個公案  、守個無字

To [mindfully] watch a Kung-an, and to [carefully] guard the character “wu””Wu” in Chinese means no, nothingness, or emptiness.

看個無字  、晝參夜參8

To mindfully watch the character “wu,” and to meditate on it day and night

臨濟慧照

Linji Hui-chao

? – 850 A.D.

                                話頭9  Huatou           

洞山良价

Tung-shan Liang-chieh

807 – 869 A.D.

                                話頭10   Huatou                                                                                     

雲門文偃Yunmen Wenyan

864 – 949 A.D.

                                話頭11   Huatou                                                                                                                 

                    話頭    Huatou *A phrase/sentence in a Kung-an

唐末 – 五代.

法眼文益

Fayan Wenyi

885 – 958 A.D.

…舉看…     To raise and mindfully watch [the Huatou]

看此話12…   To mindfully watch this Hua (Kung-an)*A King-an is a dialogue between a master and a disciple that can lead to enlightenment.

南宋.

萬松老人

Wansong

1166 – 1246 A.D.

              看此話  參活句不參死句22

–To mindfully watch this Hua/Kung-an

–To meditate on the metaphorical meaning instead of the literal meaning of the phrase.

南宋.

大慧宗杲 Tai-hui

1089 – 1163 A.D.

看箇話頭13     To mindfully watch a Huatou                            

舉話14                    To raise a Huatou                

看…話        To mindfully watch . . . a Huatou

舉…話15                 To raise . . . a Huatou

看   看來看去16、看個無字、看一口吸盡西江水話17

To mindfully watch       

–To watch back and forth

–To watch the character “wu”

–To watch the Kung-an [wherein Ma-tsu told Pung that he would answer Pung’s question when Pung] emptied the West River in one gulp”

舉   舉來舉去18、舉個無字、舉狗子無佛性話…

To raise

–To raise back and forth

–To raise the character “wu”

–To raise the Kung-an wherein [Chao-chou answered] “wu’ to the question of  whether a dog possessed the Buddha nature

疑   疑來疑去、疑情19、疑團20

To doubt

–To doubt back and forth

–The spirit of doubt

–The cluster of doubt

看話頭21  K’an Huatou

To mindfully watch a Huatou

南宋 – 元.

高峰原妙

Gaofeng Yuanmiao

1238 – 1295 A.D.

     看看23    所看無字、看個無字24、看箇一字25

To mindfully watch

–The character “wu” that is watched mindfully

–To watch the character “wu”

–To watch the character “yi”*”Yi” in Chinese means “one.”

疑情26  大疑情27  、疑來疑去、疑團28

Spirit of Doubt

Great Spirit of Doubt; Doubting back and forth; Cluster of Doubt

元.天如惟則

Tianru Weitze

? – 1323 A.D.

       所參話頭29 

The Huatou meditated on

明.雲棲祩宏

Yunchi Chuhung

1532 – 1612 A.D.

         但了「念佛是誰」,不必問「一歸何處」。…自疑身從何來…32

Once you realize “who is chanting Buddha,” you will not need to ask, “Where does One return to?” . . . You will ask yourself, “Where do I come from?”

明.憨山德清

Hanshan Teching

1546 – 1623 A.D.

        參禪看話頭、看公案話頭33、   念佛參禪公案34

–To practice Ch’an and mindfully watch the Huatou

–To mindfully watch the Huatou in a Kung-an

–To chant Buddha and meditate on Ch’an and Kung-ans

        念念追求審實、又提又覷又追35

–To examine every thought with truthfulness

–To raise, to mindfully watch, and to pursue [the doubt]

明末 – 清.

宗寶道獨

Chongpao Taodu

1600 – 1661 A.D.

        參、參話頭36

To meditate on a Huatou

                      晝參夜參37 

To mediate day and night

慧門定通

Huimen Dingtong

1942 –

看話參禪 K’an Hua Ts’an Ch’an

To practice Ch’an by mindfully watching the Huatou

句下起疑〃言下便悟 To raise the spirit of doubt upon hearing the Huatou/phrase To attain enlightenment at [the master’s] words     即提即覷即追
To instantaneously raise, mindfully watch, and pursue [the doubt]
逼拶情根〃啐啄同時 To force out the root of desires To work on [attaining enlightenment] with the Master’s help.*Literally, it means that to hatch, a chick chips at the shell from within the egg while the hen helps by pecking from the outside. 追出大疑情來 To chase down the great spirit of doubt  
  1. 爾時,如來以無障礙清淨智眼,普觀法界一切眾生而作是言:『奇哉!奇哉!此諸眾生云何具有如來智慧,愚癡迷惑,不知不見?我當教以聖道,令其永離妄想執著,自於身中得見如來廣大智慧與佛無異。』即教彼眾生修習聖道,令離妄想;離妄想已,證得如來無量智慧,利益安樂一切眾生。(大方廣佛華嚴經.51.如來出現品.37之2,大10,頁272c)’

吾佛世尊。捨金輪王位。雪山六年苦行。夜半見明星悟道。亦是悟遮一[生死]大事之本源。達磨大師。入此土來。少林面壁九載。神光斷臂。於覓心不可得處打失鼻孔。亦是悟遮一大事之本源。臨濟遭黃檗六十痛棒。向大愚肋下還拳。亦是悟遮一大事之本源。靈雲桃花。香嚴擊竹。長慶捲簾。玄沙[祝/土]指。乃至從上知識。有契有證。利生接物。總不出悟遮一大事之本源。(高峰原妙禪師語錄,X70,頁686a.b)

2. 爾時,〔世尊〕手執〔〔周利槃陀〕〕詣靜室教使就坐,〔世尊〕復教使執掃塵:「汝誦此字,為字何等?」是時,〔周利槃陀〕誦得掃,復忘塵;若誦得塵,復忘掃。爾時,尊者〔周利槃陀〕誦此掃塵乃經數日。然此掃塵復名除垢,〔周利槃陀〕復作是念:「何者是除?何者是垢?垢者灰土瓦石,除者清淨也。」復作是念:「〔世尊〕何故以此教悔我?我今當思惟此義。」以思惟此義,復作是念:「今我身上亦有塵垢,我自作喻,何者是除?何者是垢?」彼復作是念:「縛結是垢,智慧是除,我今可以智慧之塵掃此結縛。」爾時,尊者〔周利槃陀〕思惟五盛陰成者、敗者:所謂此色、色習、色滅,是謂痛、想、行、識,成者、敗者。爾時,思惟此五盛陰已,欲漏心得解脫,有漏心、無明漏心得解脫。已得解脫,便得解脫智:生死已盡,梵行已立,所作已辦,更不復受胎有,如實知之。尊者〔周利槃陀〕便成阿羅漢。已成阿羅漢,即從坐起,詣世尊所,頭面禮足,在一面坐。白世尊曰:「今已有智,今已有慧,今已解掃塵。」〔世尊〕告曰:「比丘!云何解之?」〔周利槃陀〕報曰:「除者謂之慧,垢者謂之結。」〔世尊〕告曰:「善哉!比丘!如汝所言,除者是慧,垢者是結。」爾時,尊者〔周利槃陀〕向世尊而說此偈:「今誦此已足,如尊之所說;智慧能除結,不由其餘行。」〔世尊〕告曰:「比丘!如汝所言,以智慧,非由其餘。」爾時,尊者聞〔世尊〕所說,歡喜奉行。(增壹阿含經.11,大2,頁601b,c)

3師[〔道信〕]卻返蘄春住破頭山,學侶雲臻,一日往〔黃梅縣〕,路逢一小兒,骨相奇秀異乎常童,師問曰:「子何姓。」[〔弘忍〕]答曰:「姓即有,不是常姓。」師曰:「是何姓?」答曰:「是佛性。」師曰:「汝無性耶?」答曰:「性空故。」師默識其法器,即俾侍者至其家,於父母所,乞令出家。父母以宿緣故,殊無難色,遂捨為弟子,名曰〔弘忍〕。(景德傳燈錄‧3,大51,頁222b)

4.「上堂云,金佛不度爐、木佛不度火、泥佛不度水,真佛內裡坐,菩提涅槃、真如佛性盡是貼體衣服,亦名煩惱,不問即無煩惱。且實際[道]理什麼處著得?一心不生,萬法無咎。汝但究理坐看三、二十年,若不會道,截取老僧頭去。」(景德傳燈錄‧28‧趙州從諗和尚,大51,頁446b)

5. 師[〔趙州〕]示眾云。老僧今夜答話去也。解問者出來。有僧纔出禮拜。師云。比來抛磚引玉。只得個墼子。問。狗子還有佛性也無。師云。無。學云。上至諸佛。下至蟻子。皆有佛性。狗子為什麼無。(古尊宿語錄.13.趙州真際禪師語錄並行狀卷上,X68,頁81a)

5a. 僧問〔趙州〕。狗子還有佛性也無。〔州〕云無。此一字子。乃是摧許多惡知惡覺底器仗也。不得作有無會。不得作道理會。不得向意根下思量卜度。不得向揚眉瞬目處桗根。不得向語路上作活計。不得颺在無事甲裏。不得向舉起處承當。不得向文字中引證。但向十二時中四威儀內。時時提撕。時時舉覺。狗子還有佛性也無。云無。不離日用。試如此做工夫看。月十日便自見得也。一郡千里之事。都不相妨。(大慧普覺禪師語錄.26,大47,頁921c)

6.…問。萬法歸一。一歸何所。師[〔趙州〕]云。我在青州作一領布衫重七斤。…(古尊宿語錄.13.趙州真際禪師語錄並行狀卷上,X68,頁83a)

上堂舉。僧問〔趙州〕。承聞。和尚親見〔南泉〕。是否。〔州〕云。〔鎮州〕出大蘿蔔頭。又僧問萬法歸一。一歸何處。〔州〕云。我在〔青州〕作一領布衫重七斤。〔雲居舜老夫〕道。〔鎮州〕蘿蔔大。〔青州〕布衫重。要會箇中意。雞向五更啼。師云。〔雲居〕恁麼道。大似熟處難忘。若是〔徑山〕即不然。〔鎮州〕蘿蔔從來大。〔青州〕布衫斤兩明。衲子聚頭求的旨。卻似蚊虻咬鐵釘。(大慧普覺禪師住徑山能仁禪院語錄.4,

此舉僧問趙州。萬法歸一一歸何處。州云。我在青州做領布衫重七斤。此僧卻不似那僧疑也。空使趙州舌頭拖地。道箇七斤衫乾沒一星事。其意云何。蓋謂秤尾不鮮故無買者。今昔叢林中。多舉萬法歸一一歸何處。此一法余杜田說破。然後會歸一處。使學人易解易曉。故法華經云。惟此一事實餘二則非真。此一法乃眾生之本源諸佛之妙道。亦是萬法之母眾聖之尊。迷之者則輪迴不息。悟之者則了死超生。再舉萬法歸一一歸何處。用疑時只疑這一法(於此註明學人易入)一即是心(此心是靈知之心。非肉團心分別心)心即是一(一者眾聖之王。故號為心王也)余何故如此分析切。恐學人初入道時。請益師不曾開說得疑情上明白。學人又不會次第請問。又不遇良朋善友究竟。雖聞有善知識。又不能親近決擇身心。執己之見埋沒平生。是可憐也。故余只要學人向這一字上起疑。初舉萬法歸一一歸何處。或舉三五次隨意放收。然後萬法歸一。少舉只在一字上起疑。疑者疑此一歸何處。歸何處三字。是考究這一向何處安身立命。此三字無疑疑在一上。恐一上疑情不起。再舉畢竟一歸何處。舉話頭時或出聲不出聲皆可。但不得太急。又不得太緩。如擊鐘磬一般。勻調擊之聲則和順。只貴話頭上疑情。得力不得力處取用切。不可信人說不要開口舉話頭。若信此語閉口禁聲後必有患也。(禪宗決疑集.指本還真門,大48,頁1011b,c)

7.  無字公案和萬法歸一公案都出〔從諗〕門下,可是無字公案重的是答案,對「狗子還有佛性也無〇」一問有時忽略(如〔宗杲〕),有時發揮(如〔智徹〕)。萬法歸一公案重的卻是問題,〔從諗〕的答案不曾仙此僧「似[無字公案的]那僧疑」,空使〔趙州〕舌頭拕地々「道箇七斤衫,乾沒一星事」,似乎是說這答案不相干,因為秤尾(秤尾便是秤頭,莫妄別頭尾)臭爛,秤出的斤兩不可靠,所以沒人理會,倒是那「萬法歸一,一歸何處」的問題,受到古今叢林的重視。(借殼指月〃五,頁281-282)

8. 若是個丈夫漢,看個公案。僧問[〔趙州〕],狗子還有佛性也無?〔州〕云無。但去二六時中看個無字。晝參夜參,行住坐臥、著衣吃飯處,阿[屙]屎放尿處,心心相顧,猛著精彩,守個無字。日久月深,打成一片。忽然心花頓發,悟佛祖之機,便不被天下老和尚舌頭瞞。」(黃檗斷際禪師宛陵錄,大48,頁387b)

9. 「到〔明化〕。〔化〕問,來來去去作什麼?師云,秖徒踏破草鞋。〔化〕云,畢竟作麼生?師云,老漢話頭也不識。」(鎮州臨濟慧照禪師語錄,大47,頁506b)

10. 〔曹山[〔本寂〕]〕行腳時問〔烏石靈觀禪師〕,如何是〔毘盧師〕法身主?〔石〕曰,我若向汝道即別有也。〔山〕舉似師,師曰,好個話頭,秖欠進語;何不問為甚麼不道?〔山〕卻來進前語,〔石〕曰,若言我不道,即啞卻我口;若言我道,即謇[口吃]卻我舌。〔山〕歸舉似師,師曰,古佛。」(筠州洞山悟本禪師語錄,

11. 「上堂云,諸和尚子莫妄想,天是天、地是地,山是山、水是水,僧是僧、俗是俗。良久云,與我拈案山來看。便有僧問,學人見山是山,見水是水時如何?師云,三門為什麼從這裡過?進云,與麼則不妄想去也。師云,還我話頭來。」(頁547c)「上堂,大眾集定,乃以拄杖指云,乾坤大地微塵諸佛,總在裡許。爭佛法、覓勝負,還有人諫得麼?若無人諫得,待老僧與汝諫看。時有僧云,請和尚諫。師云,這野狐精。問,盡大地人來,師如何接?師云,提綱有路。進云,莫祇這便是指示不?師云,合取狗口。問,時中不明,如何得不落緣塵去?師云,閉門哭蒼天。問,十二時中如何體悉?師云,不難辨。進云,還有學人入頭處也無?師云,細看前話。問,〔靈山〕一會〔迦葉〕親聞,未審聞個什麼句?師云,不避來鋒,速道、速道。進云,是什麼句?師云,掣電之機,徒勞佇思。問,千聖不傳,古今不歷,如何是和尚接人一句?師云,觸忤老兄得麼?進云,如何是接人一句?師云,作麼生?問,有何逕要令學人心息。師云,放爾三十棒。問,目前坦然時如何?師云,海水在汝頭上。進云,還著得也無?師云,向這裡脫空妄語。問,施主設齋,將何報答?師云,量才補職。進云,不會。師云,不會即喫飯。問,如何是向上事?師云,截卻汝肚腸,換卻匙筋[筯?],拈將缽盂來看。僧無對。師云,這掠虛漢。問,如何是佛法大意?師云,來鋒有路。問,如何是學人轉身處?師云,利。問,一口吞盡時如何?師云,我在汝肚裡。進云,和尚為什麼在學人肚裡?師云,還我話頭來。」(雲門匡真禪師廣錄.卷上並序,大47,頁549a)

12. 〔百丈[道]常〕和尚參〔法眼〕,〔眼〕令看此話。〔法眼〕一日問,爾看什麼因緣?〔常〕云,外道問佛話。〔眼〕云,試舉看。常擬開口。〔眼〕云,住住,爾擬向良久處會那。〔常〕於言下忽然大悟。後示眾云,〔百丈〕有三訣,喫茶珍重歇,擬議更思量,知君猶未徹」(佛果圜悟[〔克勤〕]禪師碧巖錄.7,大48,頁

13. 今稍有知非者。若要徑截理會。須得這一念子嚗地一破。方了得生死。方名悟入。然切不可存心待破。若存心在破處。則永劫無有破時。但將妄想顛倒底心。思量分別底心。好生惡死底心。知見解會底心。

14. 舉話時都不用作許多伎倆。但行住坐臥處勿令間斷。喜怒哀樂處莫生分別。舉來舉去。看來看去。覺得沒理路沒滋味心頭熱悶時。便是當人放身命處也。記取記取。莫見如此境界便退心。如此境界正是成佛作祖底消息也。而今默照邪師輩。只以無言無說為極則。喚作威音那畔事。亦喚作空劫已前事。不信有悟門。以悟為誑。以悟為第二頭。以悟為方便語。以悟為接引之辭。如此之徒。謾人自謾。誤人自誤。亦不可不知。日用四威儀中。涉差別境界。覺得省力時。便是得力處也。得力處極省力。若用一毫毛氣力支撐。定是邪法。非佛法也。但辦取長遠心。與狗子無佛性話。廝崖來廝崖去。心無所之忽然如睡夢覺。如蓮華開。如披雲見日。到恁麼時自然成一片矣。但日用七顛八倒處。只看箇無字。莫管悟不悟徹不徹。(大慧普覺禪師法語.22,大47,頁933c)

15. 「…舉狗子無佛性話,不用作破除想,不用作情塵想,不用作差別想,不用作佛法想。但只看狗子無佛性話,但只舉個無字,亦不用存心等悟;若存心等悟,則境界也差別,佛法也差別,情塵也差別,狗子無佛性話也差別,間斷處也差別,無間斷處也差別,遭情塵惑亂身心不安樂處也差別,能知許多差別底亦差別。若要除此病,但只看個無字…但辦取長遠心,與狗子無佛性話斯崖來斯崖去,心無所之;忽然如睡夢覺,如蓮華開,如披雲見日。到恁麼時自然成一片矣。但日用七顛八倒處,只看個無字…」(大慧普覺禪師語錄卷.28.答宗直閣,

16. 看來看去。覺得轉沒巴鼻。方寸轉不寧怗時。不得放緩。這裏是坐斷千聖頂[寧*頁]處。往往學道人。多向這裏打退了。左右若信得及。只向未起處徑要指示一念前看。看來看去。忽然睡夢覺。不是差事。此是妙喜平昔做底得力工夫。知公有決定志。故拖泥帶水。納這一場敗闕。此外別無可指示。若有可指示。則不徑要矣。(大慧普覺禪師書卷.29.答李郎中〔似表〕,大47,頁935)

長沙和尚云。學道之人不識真。只為從前認識神。無量劫來生死本。癡人喚作本來人。前所云借昏鈍而入是也。但只看能知得如是昏鈍底。畢竟是箇甚麼。只向這裏看。不用求超悟。看來看去。忽地大笑去矣。此外無可言者。(大慧普覺禪師書卷.29.答李寶文[〔茂嘉〕],大47,頁935c)

17. 「承諭,外息諸緣,內心無喘,可以入道,是方便門;借方便門以入道則可,守方便而不捨則為病。誠如來語,山野讀之,不勝歡喜踊躍之至。今諸方漆桶輩只為守方便而不捨,以實法指示人,以故瞎人眼不少;所以山野作辯邪正說以救之。近世魔彊法弱,以湛入合湛為究竟者不可勝數;守方便不捨為宗師者如麻似粟。山野近嘗與衲子輩舉此兩段,正如來書所說,不差一字。非左右留心般若中念念不間斷,則不能洞曉從上諸聖諸異方便也,公已捉著杷柄矣;既得杷柄在手,何慮不捨方便門而入道耶?但只如此做工夫,看經教並古人語錄種種差別言句,亦只如此做工夫;如〔須彌山〕,放下著,狗子無佛性話,竹篦子話,一口吸盡西江水話,庭前柏樹子話,亦只如此做工夫,更不得別生異解,別求道理,別作伎倆也。公能向急流中時時自如此提掇,道業若不成就,則佛法無靈驗矣。記取記取。承夜夢焚香入山僧之室甚從容,切不得作夢會,須知是真入室。不見〔舍利弗〕問〔須菩提〕,夢中說六波羅蜜與覺時同別?〔須菩提〕云,此義幽深,吾不能說;此會有〔彌勒大士〕,汝往彼問。咄!漏逗不少。」(大慧普覺禪師語錄卷.25.答曾侍郎,大47,919a)

疑情不破。生死交加疑。情若破。則生死心絕矣。生死心絕。則佛見法見亡矣。佛見法見尚亡。況復更起眾生煩惱見耶。(大慧普覺禪師書卷.28.答呂郎中[〔隆禮〕],大47,頁930b)

18. 疑情未破。但只看箇古人入道底話頭。移逐日許多作妄想底心來。話頭上則一切不行矣。僧問趙州。狗子還有佛性也無。州云無。只這一字。便是斷生死路頭底刀子也。妄念起時。但舉箇無字。舉來舉去。驀地絕消息。便是歸家穩坐處也。此外別無奇特。前所云難進底一步。不覺驀然過矣。(大慧普覺禪師法語.22,大47,頁903c)

19. 願公只向疑情不破處參。行住坐臥不得放捨。僧問趙州。狗子還有佛性也無。州云無。這一字子。便是箇破生死疑心底刀子也。(大慧普覺禪師書卷.26.答陳少卿[〔季任〕],大47,頁923a)

20. 漳州羅漢和尚問關南常和尚。如何是大道之源。常與一拳。遂有省。乃為歌曰。咸通七載初參道。到處逢言不識言。心裏疑團若栲栳。三春不樂止林泉。忽遇法王氈上坐。便陳疑懇向師前。師從氈上那伽起。祖膊當胸打一拳。駭散癡團獦狙落。舉頭看見日初圓。從茲蹬蹬而碣碣。直至如今常快活。只聞肚裏飽膨脝。更不東西去持缽。(徑山大慧禪師宗杲集并著語.答呂郎中[〔隆禮〕],X67,頁619b)

21 「[富樞密]頃在[三衢]時,嘗有書來問道,因而打葛藤一上,落草不少,尚爾滯在默照處,定是遭邪師引入鬼窟裡無疑。今又得書,復執靜坐為佳,其滯泥如此,如何參得徑山禪?今次答渠書,又復縷縷葛藤,不惜口業,痛與鏟除,又不知肯回頭轉腦,于日用中看話頭否?」(大慧普覺禪師語錄.26.答李參政別紙,大47,頁922b)

「…第一不得向外面別起疑也,乾屎橛上疑破,則恆河沙數疑一時破矣。前此亦嘗如此寫與〔居仁〕,比〔趙景明〕來得書,書中再來問云,不知離此別有下工夫處也無,又如舉手動足、著衣喫飯,當如何體究?為復只看話頭,為復別有體究。又平生一大疑事,至今未了,只如死後斷滅不斷滅,如何決定見得…」(大慧普覺禪師語錄.28.答呂郎中,大47,頁930c)

22. [〔萬松1166-1246〕]嘗教人看此話,雖明劫外機,不壞世間相;所以道他參活句,不參死句。」(萬松老人評唱天童[正]覺和尚拈古請益錄.1,X67,482a)

23 [〔原妙〕]抬頭忽睹五祖〔演和尚〕真。驀然觸發日前〔仰山老和尚〕問拖死屍句子。直得虛空粉碎。大地平沈。物我俱忘。如鏡照鏡。〔百丈〕野狐。狗子佛性。〔青州〕布衫。女子出定話。從頭密舉。驗之無不了了。般若妙用。信不誣矣。前所看無字。將及三載。除二時粥飯。不曾上蒲團。困時亦不倚靠。雖則晝夜東行西行。常與昏散二魔。輥作一團。做盡伎倆。打屏不去。於者無字上。竟不曾有一餉間省力。成片自決之後。鞠其病源。別無他故。只為不在疑情上做工夫。魍魍魎魎。今日也恁麼。明日也恁麼。設使三十年二十年用工。一如水浸石頭相似。看看逗到臘月三十日。十箇有五雙。[怡-台+麼][怡-台+羅]而去。(高峰原妙禪師禪要,X70,頁703b)

若要真正。決志明心。先將平日胸中所受一切善惡之物。盡底屏去。毫末不存。終朝兀兀如癡。與昔嬰孩無異。然後乃可蒲團靜坐。正念堅凝。精窮向上之玄機。研味西來之密旨。切切拳拳。兢兢業業。直教絲毫無間。動靜無虧。漸至深密幽遠微細微細極微細處。譬如有人遠行他方。漸漸回途。已至家舍。又如鼠入牛角。看看走至尖尖盡底。又如捉賊討賊。拷至情理俱盡。不動不退。無去無來。一念不生。前後際斷。卓卓巍巍。孤孤迥迥。如坐萬仞崖頭。又若停百尺竿上。一念纔乖。喪身失命。將至功成九仞。切須保任全提。忽於經行坐臥處。不覺[囗力]地一聲。猶如死在漫天荊棘林中。討得一條出身活路相似。豈不快哉。(高峰原妙禪師禪要.示眾,X70,頁705c)

無你用心處。往往纔遇者境界現前。十箇有五雙。打退鼓。殊不知正是到家底消息。若是孟八郎漢。便就下手不得處。用心不及時。猶如關羽百萬軍中。不顧得喪。直取顏良。誠有如是操略。如是猛利。管取彈指收功。剎那成聖。若不然者。饒你參到彌勒下生。也只是箇張上座。臘月三十日。時節看看至。露柱與燈籠。休更打瞌睡。覿面當機提。當機覿面覷。驀然觸瞎眼睛。照顧爛泥裏有刺。(高峰原妙禪師禪要.示眾,X70,頁709c)

一年三百六十日。看看逗到今宵畢。十箇有五雙。參禪禪又不知。學道道亦不識。只者不知不識四字。正是三世諸佛骨髓。一大藏教根源。靈利漢。纔聞舉著。如龍得水。似虎靠山。天上人間。縱橫無礙。(高峰原妙禪師禪要.除夜小參,X70,頁711a)

24. 昔年敗闕。親曾剖露師前。今日重疑。不免從頭拈出。某甲十五歲。十六為僧。十八習教。二十更衣。入淨慈。立三年死限。學禪請益。〔斷橋和尚〕。令參箇生從何來。死從何去。意分兩路。心不歸一。又不曾得他說做工夫處分曉。看看擔閣。一年有餘。每日只如箇迷路人相似。那時因被三年限逼。正在煩惱中。忽見〔台州〕〔淨兄〕。說〔雪巖和尚〕常問你做工夫。何不去一轉。於是欣然懷香。詣北澗塔頭請益。方問訊插香。被一頓痛拳打出。即關卻門。一路垂淚。回至僧堂。次日粥罷。復上始得親近。即問已前做處。某甲一一供吐。當下便得勦除日前所積之病。卻令看箇無字。從頭開發做工夫一遍。如暗得燈。如懸得救。自此方解用工處。(高峰原妙禪師禪要.通仰山老和尚疑嗣書,X70,頁711c.712a)

25. 來書置問。皆是辨論學人用工上。疑惑處當為決之。俾晚學初機。趣向無滯。問平常心是道無心是道。此平常心無心之語。成卻多少人。誤卻多少人。往往不知泥中有刺。笑裏有刀者。何啻如掉棒打月。接竹點天。古人答一言半句。如揮吹毛利刃。直欲便要斷人命根。若是箇皮下有血底。直下承當。更無擬議。若撞著箇不知痛痒底。縱饒髑髏遍地。也乾沒星子事。又如石中藏玉。識者知有連城之璧。不識者只作一塊頑石視之。大抵要見古人立地處。不可向語句上著到。且道既不在語句上。畢竟在甚處著到。若向者裏薦得。便知此事不假修治。如身使臂。如臂使拳。極是成現。極是省力。但信得及。便是何待瞠眉豎目。做模打[打-丁+羕]。看箇一字。(高峰原妙禪師禪要.答直翁居士書,X70,頁711b.c)

26. 山僧[原妙]昔年在雙徑。歸堂未及一月。忽於睡中疑著萬法歸一一歸何處。自此疑情頓發。廢寢忘餐。東西不辨。晝夜不分。開單展缽。屙屎放尿。至於一動一靜。一語一默。總只是箇一歸何處。更無絲毫異念。(高峰原妙禪師語錄,X70,頁678c)

27. 若謂著實參禪。決須具足三要。第一要有大信根。明知此事。如靠一座須彌山。第二要有大憤志。如遇殺父冤讎。直欲便與一刀兩段。第三要有大疑情。如暗他做了一件極事。正在欲露未露之時。(高峰原妙禪師語錄,X70,頁687b)

28. 今將此丹授之於汝。汝欲服之。先將六情六識。四大五蘊。山河大地。萬象森羅。總鎔作一箇疑團。頓在目前。不假一鎗一旗。靜悄悄地。便似箇清平世界。如是行也只是箇疑團。坐也只是箇疑團。著衣喫飯也只是箇疑團。屙屎放尿也只是箇疑團。以至見聞覺知。總只是箇疑團。疑來疑去。疑至省力處。便是得力處。不疑自疑。不舉自舉。從朝至暮。粘頭綴尾。打成一片。無絲毫縫罅。撼亦不動。趁亦不去。昭昭靈靈。常現在前。如順水流舟。全不犯手。只此便是得力底時節也。更須愨其正念。慎無二心。展轉磨光。展轉淘汰。窮玄盡奧。至極至微。向一毫頭上安身。孤孤迥迥。卓卓巍巍。不動不搖。無來無去。一念不生。前後際斷。從茲塵勞頓息。昏散勦除。行亦不知行。坐亦不知坐。寒亦不知寒。熱亦不知熱。喫茶不知茶。喫飯不知飯。終日獃憃憃地。卻似箇泥塑木雕底。故謂墻壁無殊。纔有遮境界現前。即是到家之消息也。決定去他不遠也。巴得搆也。撮得著也。只待時刻而已。又卻不得見恁麼說。起一念精進心求之。又卻不得將心待之。又卻不得要一念縱之。又卻不得要一念棄之。直須堅凝正念。以悟為則。當此之際。有八萬四千魔軍。在汝六根門頭伺候。所有一切奇異殊勝善惡應驗之事。隨汝心設。隨汝心生。隨汝心求。隨汝心現。凡有所欲。無不遂之。汝若瞥起毫釐差別心。擬生纖塵妄想念。即便墮他圈繢。即便被他作主。即便聽他指揮。便乃口說魔話。心行魔行。反誹他非。自譽真道。般若正因。從茲永泯。菩提種子。不復生芽。劫劫生生。常為伴侶。當知此諸魔境。皆從自心所起。自心所生。心若不起。爭如之何。天台云。汝之伎倆有盡。我之不采無窮。誠哉是言也。但只要一切處放教冷冰冰地去。平妥妥地去。純清絕點去。一念萬年去。如箇守屍鬼子。守來守去。疑團子欻然爆地一聲。管取驚天動地。勉之勉之。(高峰原妙禪師語錄,X70,頁688b、c)

29. 「要做本色道人,別無佗【他】巧便,單單只要不惜身命,忘死向前,猛做一回。做到著力不得處,用心不得時,正好用心。久久與麼捱,與麼行,十箇有五雙,管取心空及第去。如今多是根浮腳淺,無主宰無正見,無力量,無作略,輕遇著一些子逆順境界,便被佗攙奪去,便乃著力不得,用心不得。殊不知著力不得,便是眼光落地【死】時著力不得;那時既無著力處,便是出牛胎入馬腹底路頭也。今日眼眨眨地用心不得,便是你臘月三十夜無用心處底影子現前也。那時無用心處,未免大開兩眼被佗生死無常熱瞞去也。本色道人既無父母之奉,妻子之養,征役之勞,口體之費,單單一條性命最先要與之拈向壁角落頭。只有箇要了生死底心,提起箇所參話頭,今日也只如是做,明日也只如是做,莫問三生六十劫也只如是做。縱使鐵圍山高仞,也柰何你一箇堅固不退轉不變易底心不得,管取一念超越無疑矣。你信此事不及,靠此事不穩,踏此事不實,把此事不定,敢保你無所濟知此事者必矣;古之所謂但辨肯心,決不相賺。」(天目中峰[〔明本〕,1263-1323]和尚普應國師法語.示本色道人,X70,頁728b;卍續藏122,頁753b)

30. 〔明本〕後的〔智徹-1340-〕在禪宗決疑集.[2]離塵精進門說,「師[〔雲峰和尚〕]令參萬法歸一,一歸何處?」(大48,頁1009c)〈[5] 懈怠勉勤門〉說,「到此參箇話頭,或參無字話,或舉萬法歸一,一歸何處?」(頁1010b)

31.「…近代宗師為見學者不守正念、不具正信,反於生死之疑不真不切,由是教參話頭,貴令放捨一切見聞覺知,乃至世出世間諸緣雜務,單單起大疑情參去。離話頭外別無生死,離生死外別無話頭,話頭既透,生死亦明。」(師子林天如和尚語錄.3.示權藏主,X70,頁781c)

32. 「…嗟乎。但了念佛是誰。不必問一歸何處。茲有人焉。知生我是父。又自疑身從何來。聞者寧不絕倒。…」(高峰原妙禪師語錄序,X70,頁677a)

33. 參禪看話頭一路。最為明心切要。但近世下手者稀。一以根鈍。又無古人死心。一以無真善知識決擇。多落邪見。是故念佛參禪兼脩之行。極為穩當法門。若以念佛一聲。蘊在胸中。念念追求審實起處落處。定要見箇的當下落。久久忽然垢淨明現。心地開通。此與看公案話頭無異。是須著力挨排始得。若以妄想浮沈悠悠度日。把作不喫緊勾當。此到窮年亦不得受用。若以悠悠任妄想為受用。此則自誤。不但一生。即從今已去。乃至窮劫。無有不誤之時也。(憨山老人夢遊集.5.示劉存赤,X73,頁490c、491a)

34. 「問,參禪貴一念不生,念佛貴淨念相繼,茲參究念佛一門,意在妙悟,而得往生也。今念佛時,雖心佛分明,參時則二俱坐斷,故參功漸勝,念佛漸微,他時焉得亦悟亦生耶?答,參禪貴一念不生是已。若言念佛貴淨念相繼者,此將四字佛號放在心中為淨念耳。殊不知四字佛號相繼不斷者,是名繫念,非淨念也;乃中下根人,專以念佛求生西方,正屬方便淨土一門耳。今云參究念佛,意在妙悟者乃是以一聲佛作話頭參究,所謂念佛參禪公案也。如從上諸祖教人參話頭,如庭前柏樹子、麻三斤、乾矢橛、狗子無佛性、放下著、須彌山等公案,隨提一則蘊在胸中,默默參究,借此塞斷意根,使妄想不行;久久話頭得力,忽然[囗力]地一聲,如冷灰豆爆,將無明業識窠臼,一拶百碎,是為妙悟。」(憨山老人夢遊集.11.法語答湖州僧海印,頁531a)

35. 何以放下處為提起。只如以阿彌陀佛為話頭。當未提佛時。先要將外境放下。次將內心一切妄想一齊放下。次將此放下的一念也放下。放到無可放處。方於此中。著力提起一聲佛來。即看者一聲佛。從何處來。今落向何處去。把定金剛眼睛。一覷覷定。覷到沒著落處。又提。又覷。又追。到一念無生處。便見本來面目也。初則用心覷追。追到一念兩頭斷處。中閒自孤。更向此孤處。快著精彩直追。忽然迸裂疑團。則本來面目自現。即此便是一念真無生意也。(憨山老人夢遊集.18.答袁滄孺使君,X73,頁593c)

36. 「參話頭當知古人所以教人參話頭之意。從上諸祖並無教人參話頭之說,當時學人朴實,時時刻刻以生死為念故。一遇善知識一言半句,便自開通。後世學人,雜念紛飛,橫生知解,教渠尋求自己,便 有許多計較。或認昭昭靈靈,或認空空寂寂,種種卜度,愈求愈遠。祖師不得已,示個話頭,乃是直指出本心與人,令人絕盡意識,當下便了;若不能了,則向此中疑之又疑,是之謂參。須知參話頭即參自心,疑話頭即疑自心,非有二也。如汝問我,如何是某甲本心,我即云喚作竹篦則觸,不喚作竹篦則背,不得有語,不得無語,我已明明直指個本心與汝也,只是汝不曾自悟。若不能悟,便要向此中疑之又疑,求個出身之路。若稍生意識,謂竹篦子話,只是斷人意識。或欲泯絕念頭,令人念不起,或認取不起光景,或又去究起底源頭,種種計較,差之千里矣。參話頭如人墮井求出相似,時時刻刻單有出井一念繫之於懷,更無別般計較。汝今正要如是時時刻刻不忘疑情,單單有個求出身之路繫胸臆間,更不起一毫頭生活之念;亦勿望人為汝指示,如此做去,不久決得徹悟。〔惟禪〕勉之勉之。」(長慶宗寶[道]獨[1600-61]禪師語錄.6.復睹者禪人,X72,頁765c)

37. 父母未生前。在什麼處安身立命。一口氣不來。向什麼處去。不能無疑。就在者裏疑。如僧問趙州。狗子還有佛性也無。州云無。者裏還有道理。還有理會處麼。若無下手處。就在者裏下手。晝參夜參。畢竟是個什麼道理。務要看破趙州老人立地處。方纔了當。(長慶宗寶道獨禪師語錄.5.答黃無咎文學,X72,頁760b)